Mastic Gum and Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO

In short: The “white gold” of Chios — Chios mastic gum — is more than a natural resin. It is a living tradition, a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) product, and since 2014 a recognised global cultural treasure.

Mastic gum and UNESCO — since 2014

In 2014, the “Mastic of Chios” was officially inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This recognises the centuries-old cultivation practices, traditions and unique social culture of the 24 mastic villages (Mastichochoria) of southern Chios.

What is Chios mastic gum?

Mastic is a unique natural resin harvested from Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia. For thousands of years the process has remained virtually unchanged. The raw resin is used in many ways:

  • Gastronomy: a flavouring for sweets, pastries and Mediterranean drinks.
  • Traditional spirits: the base of Mastiha, a famous digestive liqueur.
  • Ancient chewing gum: the original “chewing gum of antiquity”, chewed for millennia and valued for oral hygiene.
Chios mastic and UNESCO heritage

Explore the heritage of mastic

To understand why this resin is so valued, explore our guides to its production and history:

The legend of the tears

Local lore tells of the “tears” of Chios — the resinous droplets that weep from the tree’s bark. Learn more in our article: why the trees weep.

FAQ: UNESCO & mastic tradition

What does UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage mean?

It refers to traditions, knowledge and skills passed down through generations. For Chios, it protects the traditional cultivation methods that have not changed for centuries.

How can I experience authentic mastic?

The most traditional way is by chewing raw mastic tears — a practice valued for oral hygiene and a direct link to the ancient Mediterranean lifestyle.

Is all mastic gum the same?

No. Only the resin from southern Chios (PDO) carries the UNESCO cultural-heritage designation and the distinctive aroma recognised worldwide.

Source of UNESCO data: UNESCO official site.

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Mastic for your gastrointestinal tract